[1][18], Including its marginal seas, the Atlantic covers an area of 106,460,000 km2 (41,100,000 sq mi) or 23.5% of the global ocean and has a volume of 310,410,900 km3 (74,471,500 cu mi) or 23.3% of the total volume of the earth's oceans. Your name. ", "The geological history of the North Atlantic Ocean", Atlantic Continental Shelf and Slope of the United States, "Problems and Prospects for the Pelagic Driftnet", Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, "Huge Garbage Patch Found in Atlantic Too", "The rise of Europe: Atlantic trade, institutional change and economic growth", "All roads lead to home: panmixia of European eel in the Sargasso Sea", "The Ysterfontein 1 Middle Stone Age rock shelter and the evolution of coastal foraging", "Archaeology of the continental shelf: marine resources, submerged landscapes and underwater archaeology", "Zircon U-Pb geochronology links the end-Triassic extinction with the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province", "Decadal variability of subpolar gyre transport and its reverberation in the North Atlantic overturning", "Exploring the analogy between modern trafficking in humans and the trans-Atlantic slave trade", "Slowing of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 25 N", "The fit of the continents around the Atlantic", "Are subduction zones invading the Atlantic? The Atlantic Ocean is home to a diverse array of sea life, both those we can observe at the surface, and those all but hidden from human eyes. Details appear this week in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. During the LGM the Laurentide Ice Sheet covered most of northern North America while Beringia connected Siberia to Alaska. } The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest in the world Credit: Alamy Scientists were able to track the Atlantic's changing temperatures back to around 2,900 years ago. Marine pollution is a generic term for the entry into the ocean of potentially hazardous chemicals or particles. The whale earned its name in the early 20th century from hunters who considered it the “right” whale to catch. It's more than 41 million square miles, the second-largest ocean on Earth after the Pacific Ocean. In the 1953 definition it extends south to Antarctica, while in later maps it is bounded at the 60° parallel by the Southern Ocean. [31] The exploration of the MAR in the 1950s led to the general acceptance of seafloor spreading and plate tectonics. Coarse sand, boulders, and rocks were transported into some areas, such as off the coast of Nova Scotia or the Gulf of Maine during the Pleistocene ice ages. Rocky coast of Labrador, Can., on the Labrador Sea, an embayment of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Associated offshore basaltic flows reach as far south as the Falkland Islands and South Africa. A less arbitrary method involves drawing a line eastward from Greenland to Iceland along the shallow Greenland-Iceland Rise and from Iceland to the Faroe Islands along the Faroe-Iceland Rise and then northward from the Faroes along the relatively shallow bottom features of the Voring Plateau to the west coast of Norway at a point near 70° N. Perhaps a more appropriate method for determining this boundary is by following the division between the distinctive Arctic and Atlantic water masses: the relatively warm and saline waters of the Norwegian Sea are assigned to the Atlantic, and the cold, lower-salinity waters of the Greenland Sea to the Arctic. The population of a number of deep-sea fishes also collapsed in the process, including American plaice, redfish, and Greenland halibut, together with flounder and grenadier. The Equatorial Counter Current subdivides it into the North(ern) Atlantic Ocean and the South(ern) Atlantic Ocean at about 8°N. 50 kya-old, deeply stratified shell middens found in Ysterfontein on the western coast of South Africa are associated with the Middle Stone Age (MSA). Referred to as "Newfoundland Currency" this discovery yielded some 200 million tons of fish over five centuries. Precipitation can be approximated from coastal weather data and air temperature from water temperatures. Likewise, GDP doubled in Atlantic countries but rose by only 30% in the rest of Europe. The newly extended record shows that the coldest temperatures were found between about 1400-1600 A.D., and the warmest interval occurred during just the past decade, the authors report.

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