Chiarugi and his collaborators introduced new humanitarian regulations in the running of the hospital and caring for the mentally ill patients, including banning the use of chains and physical punishment, and in so doing have been recognized as early pioneers of what later came to be known as the moral treatment movement.[10]. Prince Leopold of Belgium, Duke of Brabant, Count of Hainaut (Léopold Ferdinand Élie Victor Albert Marie or Leopold Ferdinand Elias Viktor Albert Maria (); 12 June 1859 in Laeken – 22 January 1869 in Laeken or Brussels), was the second child and only son and heir apparent of Leopold II of Belgium and his wife, Archduchess Marie Henriette of Austria. Leopold also introduced radical reforms to the system of neglect and inhumane treatment of those deemed mentally ill. On 23 January 1774, the "legge sui pazzi" (law on the insane) was established, the first of its kind to be introduced in all Europe, allowing steps to be taken to hospitalize individuals deemed insane. Leopold's concept of this was based on respect for the political rights of citizens and on a harmony of power between the executive and the legislative. He was the earliest opponent of capital punishment in modern history [citation needed].He was a son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Emperor Francis I, … His good sense was revolted by the folly of the French émigrés, and he did his utmost to avoid being entangled in the affairs of that country. [10], Leopold developed and supported many social and economic reforms. As heir-apparent, he was expected to eventually succeed his father as King Leopold III of the Belgians. [citation needed][6], But his steady, consistent, and intelligent administration, which advanced step by step, brought the grand duchy to a high level of material prosperity. This page was last edited on 2 October 2020, at 23:43. To install click the Add extension button. Leopold meant to meet the challenge of the revolutionists in France with dignity and temper, however the effect of the Declaration of Pillnitz was to contribute to the radicalization of their political movement. Leopold became Duke of Brabant in 1865, upon the death of his grandfather and the ascension of his father to the throne. Congratulations on this excellent venture… what a great idea! Earlier that year, on January 22, 1869, Prince Leopold, Duke of Brabant, Baudouin’s nine-year-old cousin and the only son of King Leopold II had died of pneumonia after falling into a pond. On 30 November 1786, after having de facto blocked capital executions (the last was in 1769), Leopold promulgated the reform of the penal code that abolished the death penalty and ordered the destruction of all the instruments for capital execution in his land. Her only daughter, Joséphine-Charlotte, later became Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, while both of her sons reigned as King of the Belgians. Leopold's premature death left his father with only two daughters remaining: Princess Louise and Princess Stéphanie. Leopold II had no difficulty in seeing through the rather transparent cunning of the Russian empress, and he refused to be misled. When, therefore, in 1789 Joseph, who knew himself to be dying, asked him to come to Vienna and become co-regent, Leopold evaded the request. He continued, for instance, to insist that no papal bull could be published in his dominions without his consent (placetum regium). His Imperial Majesty Leopold II, By the Grace of God, Holy Roman Emperor; King of Germany, Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Galicia and Lodomeria, Rama, Serbia, Cumania and Bulgaria; Archduke of Austria; Duke of Burgundy, Lorraine, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, Grand Duke of Etruria; Grand Prince of Transylvania; Margrave of Moravia, Prince of Brabant, Limburg, Luxembourg, Geldern, Württemberg, Upper and Lower Silesia, Milan, Mantua, Parma, Piacenza, Guastalla, Auschwitz and Zatoria, Calabria, Bar, Ferrete and Teschen; Lord of Svevia and Charleville; Count of Habsburg, Flanders, Hannonia, Kyburg, Gorizia, Gradisca; Margrave of Burgau, Upper and Lower Lusatia, Pont-a-Mousson and Nomenum, Count of Provinces of Namur, Valdemons, Albimons, Count of Zütphen, Sarverda, Salma and Falkenstein, Lord of the Wend Margravate and Mechelen, etc.[13]. Astrid of Sweden (17 November 1905 – 29 August 1935) was Queen of the Belgians as the first wife of King Leopold III.By birth she was a princess of Sweden's royal House of Bernadotte.She was queen for less than two years, dying in a car accident at age 29. The Duke of Brabant succeeded to the throne of Belgium on February 23, 1934, as King Leopold III following the death of his father King Albert I. [5], As Leopold had no army to maintain, and as he suppressed the small naval force kept up by the Medici, the whole of his revenue was left free for the improvement of his state. Leopold was too purely a politician not to be secretly pleased at the destruction of the power of France and of her influence in Europe by her internal disorders. Then, when sure of British support, he was in a position to baffle the intrigues of Prussia. Leopold was never popular with his Italian subjects. Mozart's opera La clemenza di Tito was commissioned by the Estates of Bohemia for the festivities that accompanied Leopold's coronation as king of Bohemia in Prague on 6 September 1791. Early life. The portrait by Pompeo Batoni in which they appear together shows that they bore a strong personal resemblance to one another. [9], Leopold also approved and collaborated on the development of a political constitution, said to have anticipated by many years the promulgation of the French constitution and which presented some similarities with the Virginia Bill of Rights of 1778. The crown prince Duke of Brabant, who was born on April 9th, 1835, came of age in 1853, and at once entered the Belgian Senate. ✪ Princess Clementine of Belgium, Princess Napoleon, ✪ Prince Leopold Clement of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Generations are numbered by descent from King. At birth, Leopold was styled Count of Hainaut, as the eldest son of the then crown prince. Upon the death of his grandfather and the ascension of his father to the throne in 1865, young Leopold became Duke of Brabant, the title for the heir-apparent to the Belgian throne. He was still in Florence when Joseph II died at Vienna on 20 February 1790, and he did not leave his Italian capital until 3 March 1790. After their son's death, Leopold and Marie Henriette tried to have another child, hoping for a son. Accidentally burned to death from a mishap while conducting a. Despite his brief reign, he is highly regarded. Among them were: Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany; Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen, a celebrated soldier; Archduke Johann of Austria, also a soldier; Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary; and Archduke Rainer, Viceroy of Lombardy-Venetia. ... [r. 1909-1934]. Prince Leopold of Belgium, Duke of Brabant, Count of Hainaut (Léopold Ferdinand Élie Victor Albert Marie (French) or Leopold Ferdinand Elias Viktor Albert Maria (Dutch); 12 June 1859 in Laeken – 22 January 1869 in Laeken or Brussels), was the second child and only son and heir apparent of Leopold II of Belgium and his wife, Archduchess Marie Henriette of Austria. Upon his death in 1909, Leopold II was succeeded by his nephew, Albert I, whose eldest son would later succeed him as Leopold III. One of the harshest actions Leopold took to placate the noble communities of the various Habsburg domains was to issue a decree on 9 May 1790, that forced thousands of Bohemian serfs freed by his brother Joseph back into servitude.

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