Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization. Map of the Peloponnesian War, Beginningby U.S. Military Academy (Public Domain). By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The name of the League derives from the geographical location of its member states in the Peloponnese of southern Greece. Common features, though, of this loose association were the requirement of members to swear to hold common 'friends and enemies', promise reciprocal assistance, and follow the military ambition of their leader (hegemon), Sparta. The League was the oldest and longest-lasting political association in the ancient Greek world. Peloponnesian League: modern name for the alliance of Sparta. Hoplite. Cite This Work With the the close of the 7th century drawing in, the state of Sparta was now a force to be reckoned with. Last modified March 09, 2016. The combined fleet was to fight not on their own doorstep, as Greeks preferred to do, but as far forward as possible, exploiting the geographical situation. The first member was Tegea which, after resisting Spartan attack, was compelled to form an alliance. Omissions? For example many people believe that Macedonia was part of the Peloponnesian League, while others refute this claim with Macedonia not being clearly on any one side of the conflicts. Peloponnesian League. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Firstly the league had no membership costs, the tax of the Delian league was a sore point for various states, and the Spartans were astute to not repeat this mistake. the necessity to observe a particular religious festival) could members refuse participation. Sparta was the founder of the Peloponnesian league, its king at the time Cleomenes I was a superb tactician, and was a key factor in the foundation of the league. The Spartans then lost the even more crucial Battle of Leuctra in 371 BCE against the brilliant Theban general Epaminondas. In 404 BCE, tired of Elis’ increasing sense of self-importance Sparta campaigned against its old ally and put the city-state in its place by 400 BCE. This informal coalition of towns on the Peloponnese had its origins in the Archaic period; in the classical age, it was opposed to (and overcame) the Delian League of Athens. Peloponnesian League, also called Spartan Alliance, military coalition of Greek city-states led by Sparta, formed in the 6th century bc. This pitted the League against Athens, Thebes, Corinth and Persia from 396 to 387 BCE. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. Peloponnesian League. For Sparta, the League gave it protection from uprisings within its own borders and eventually secured its dominance in the region and later, following victory in the Peloponnesian War in 404 BCE, the whole of Greece. Peloponnesian League, also called Spartan Alliance, military coalition of Greek city-states led by Sparta, formed in the 6th century bc. The Ancient History Encyclopedia logo is a registered EU trademark. However, Sparta over-reached itself in trying to crush long-time rival Thebes. The Peloponnese peninsular was home in Ancient times to the most feared fighters in all of the Ancient Greece, the Spartans of ancient Sparta. Written by Mark Cartwright, published on 09 March 2016 under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Interestingly, Sparta itself did not vote as their position had already been voted upon by the Spartan assembly. The initial success of establishing a garrison at Thebes between 379 and 376 BCE only resulted in antagonising the Thebans. Please support Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation. The Peloponnesian League was created to allow this to happen, the strength of the aligned states would act as a natural deterrent in a volatile ancient world. "Peloponnesian League." Peering through the billowing smoke of war were the red eyes of the Cultists' Peloponnesian League, a small group that would stop at nothing to turn all Greeks into Spartan slaves. The result of the conflict was the 'King’s Peace' where Sparta ceded its empire to Persian control but Sparta was left to dominate Greece. Updates? Ancient History Encyclopedia. In times of war however there was a stipulation to membership for everyone in the league, and this was that when required, each member would be willing to donate a third of its current army to the Peloponnesian League’s cause. The need for this was obvious and also fair, no state would have to commit all its forces regardless of size and a sizeable army could still be created should a need for it arise. Sparta lost the Battle of Tegyra in 375 BCE to Thebes, now a rising power and about to enter its most glorious phase in history. To this end, Sparta’s primary goal in the league was self preservation and prosperity. Then, coming up against a rampant Thebes and their brilliant general Epaminondas, Sparta was defeated at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BCE. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Cartwright, M. (2016, March 09). The Greeks themselves referred to the association as 'the Lakedaimonians and their allies'. Members sent delegates to meetings where each city held one vote. As enemies of Athens and the Delian league, Sparta looked toward their own league to offer power, protection and the survival of the Spartans. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Thank you! League policy, usually decisions on questions of war, peace, or alliance, was determined by federal congresses, summoned by the Spartans when they thought fit; each member state had one vote. Whereas many cultists can … We have also been recommended for educational use by the following publications: Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. "Peloponnesian League." The Peloponnese is a peninsula in southern Greece. Sparta also directly interfered in the domestic affairs of member states, often promoting rule by an oligarchy favourable to Spartan policy. Therefore the reaction of Sparta was obvious, they did what they typically did best and copied the status quo with more effort and organisation, leading to the foundation of this new league. A map of the Peloponnesian League in ancient times. A peninsula is simply a piece of land that is bordered on 3 sides by water but still has a connection to a main piece of larger land. Unlike in the Delian League where Athens compelled members to pay a tribute under any circumstances, the members of the Peloponnesian League had only to contribute militarily when required. The league was a major force in Greek affairs, forming the nucleus of resistance to the Persian invasions (480–479) and fighting against Athens in the Peloponnesian War (431–404). Thereafter, the League declined and, with the treaties formed between Corinth, Phleious and Thebes, the Peloponnesian League was, in effect, dissolved by c. 366 BCE. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University and Michigan State University and University of Missouri. By 510 BCE the League encompassed all of the Peloponnese and, under the leadership of Cleomenes I, even spread further to include such cities as Megara and parts of Attica. https://www.ancient.eu/Peloponnesian_League/. From 382 BCE League tribute was required in money, not just arms and men as Sparta became ever more ambitious. While this is what we believe to be the correct membership, due to the time and date of the Peloponnesian League formation it’s impossible to be one hundred percent certain. Retrieved from https://www.ancient.eu/Peloponnesian_League/. Corrections? Thucydides in his History of the Peloponnesian War describes the workings of the League. Related Content Only in the case of a religious obligation (e.g. The Spartans at the height of their power were keen to not only be at war and keeping their state safe, but to also be at peace. Serving under a Spartan admiral (since Corinth and Aegina…. Books League policy, usually decisions on questions of war, peace, or alliance, was determined by federal congresses, summoned by the Spartans when they thought fit; each member state had one vote. Ancient History Encyclopedia. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Ancient History Encyclopedia Limited is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. A peninsula is simply a piece of land that is bordered on 3 sides by water but still has a connection to a main piece of larger land. The goal of the Peloponnesian League was to form strategic and beneficial alliances, allowing the involved states to build strength, security and power. The Peloponnesian League (c. 550 BCE - c. 366 BCE) was a loose confederation of Greek city-states led by Sparta. Cartwright, Mark. Unlike other confederacies such as the contemporary Delian League, the Peloponnesian League had no single binding agreement but was, rather, a collection of city-states (poleis) each having negotiated their own terms with dominant Sparta. Without its dominant leader the League dissolved shortly thereafter. Ancient History Encyclopedia. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Peloponnesian-League. The Peloponnesian League are one of seven branches of the Cult of Kosmos that you're tasked with tracking down and eliminating after the events of The Serpent's Lair. …his naval strategy to the Peloponnesians, headed by Sparta, who could raise another 150 triremes. The Peloponnese is a peninsula in southern Greece. Sparta’s policy of interfering in the government of League members continued with their heavy-handed treatment of both Mantinea in 385 BCE, dividing up its villages, and with war against Phleious 381-379 BCE. The Peloponnesian League, quest walkthrough and hints. Following victory in the Peloponnesian War against Athens in 404 BCE and the consequent addition of new Aegean allies, Sparta held an even tighter grip on member states and the harmosts were left in place. The exact number of troops demanded from each city was decided by Sparta. The name of the League derives from the geographical location of its member states in the Peloponnese of southern Greece.
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