This research was conceived with two primary objectives. Their intention is to erase what is not normal.”[264]. But for many LGBT people, daily life on the streets is controlled not by the state but by criminal gangs, including the two factions of the 18th Street Gang, or Barrio 18, and Mara Salvatrucha 13, or MS-13. [93] Carmen Valeria Escobar, “For LGBTI People the Territorial Control Plan Doesn’t Exist: Bianka Rodríguez” (“Para las personas LGBTI no existe el Plan Control Territorial: Bianka Rodríguez”), Gato Encerrado, December 13, 2019, https://gatoencerrado.news/2019/12/13/para-las-personas-lgbti-no-existe-el-plan-control-territorial-bianka-rodriguez (accessed September 11, 2020). A special thank you to Mirte Postema for her continued support and feedback long after her term of employment with Human Rights Watch concluded. [25] Like others in the caravans, LGBT people were fleeing from some forms of violence that cut across all genders and sexualities, but many were also fleeing persecution on the grounds of sexual orientation or gender identity. [74] Erika Q., a 39-year-old trans woman from San Salvador, said: El Salvador has legislated attempts to address violence against women, although they have had limited success in stemming violence. [513] United States Code, 2011 Edition, Title 8 - ALIENS AND NATIONALITY, Sec. [58] Republic of El Salvador, Attorney General’s Office, letter addressed to Human Rights Watch, September 30, 2020, DFG-116/2020; see Annex II. [236] Human Rights Watch asked for information on the types of crimes and the sexual orientation or gender identity of the victims. [80] Human Rights Watch telephone interview with Andrea Ayala, founder of ESMULES, April 19, 2019. End the “metering” system implemented by Customs and Border Patrol which limits the number of people allowed to enter the United States each day to make their case for asylum. Elvin Sandoval, “New Caravan of Honduran Migrants Leaves for the United States” (“Nueva caravana de migrantes hondureños parte rumbo a Estados Unidos”), CNN Español, June 30, 2020, https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2020/06/30/alerta-nueva-caravana-de-migrantes-hondurenos-parte-rumbo-a-estados-unidos (accessed September 10, 2020). The United States acceded to the 1967 Protocol in 1968. [73] In at least two cases, judges have allowed transgender people to legally change their name and sex, but only after lengthy court proceedings and on the basis that they had undergone sex reassignment surgery. they recounted: Eddie, a 24-year-old trans woman in Huehuetenango, said that when she was 15, her mother told her to stop being a “faggot” and threw an iron at her, hitting her in the side of the head and causing bleeding that required hospital treatment. Noé E., the non-binary person from Comayagua who dropped out of school at age 12 because of bullying and discrimination, as described above, also faced rejection at home and moved out at age 15. [214] LGBT people also experience rejection from their families. [212] Human Rights Watch interview with Dolores F. (pseudonym), Guatemala City, August 12, 2019. Ensure that all curricula, including comprehensive sexuality education curricula, are inclusive of and reinforce acceptance of sexual and gender diversity. Alberto G., a 34-year-old gay man from Colón department, began to have problems with gang members in November 2011. The migration-focused network REDLAC writes that for many LGBT people from the Northern Triangle “the only available coping mechanism is internal or cross-border displacement, and seeking asylum in the United States or Mexico (although not all those who are forcibly displaced seek asylum and many are unaware of their right to do so).”[21], Undoubtedly, for decades, individual LGBT people from the Northern Triangle have fled their countries for reasons related in part to discrimination and violence based on gender identity or sexual orientation. Human Rights Watch also interviewed 93 other people who had knowledge of human rights violations affecting LGBT people in the Northern Triangle or during the asylum-seeking process in the United States, including government officials, United Nations officials, human rights activists, journalists and lawyers. Only in the 2018 homicide case was the victim’s sexual orientation or gender identity officially registered. While these are in principle important legal deterrents, neither country has convicted anyone on hate crimes charges.[13]. Scarlett, a 35-year-old bisexual woman, left Honduras after she was beaten by her male former partner, who discovered Scarlett was in a relationship with a woman. To stay in school and avoid further problems, Ricardo pretended that a female friend was his girlfriend. [155] Human Rights Watch interview with Frank R., Los Angeles, December 11, 2019. Of course, the mask of perfection also separates you from what you most want: real intimacy, love, and acceptance for your true self. What you'll discover on the other side of fear, though, is that uncertainty is the gateway to possibility. They described being targeted by peers, teachers, and administrators. 19-20. Physician and New York Times bestselling author. The risk of harm to asylum seekers returned to Guatemala is so severe that Human Rights Watch and Refugees International issued a joint report in May 2020 calling on both governments to rescind the policy in its entirety. [19] The three countries producing the most LGBT asylum seekers in the United States per capita were El Salvador (with 1,228 asylum seekers filing claims based on sexual orientation or gender identity during that period), Honduras (651), and Guatemala (369). Kendra Jordany, a 31-year-old transgender woman and activist from San Pedro Sula, said that her high school sent her to a psychologist who tried to “change” her. [227] Human Rights Watch interview with Arcadio S., Quetzaltenango, August 7, 2019. This report was written by Neela Ghoshal, senior researcher in the LGBT Rights program at Human Rights Watch, with assistance from Cristian González Cabrera, researcher in the LGBT Rights program. [31] This delay tactic has a particularly pernicious effect on LGBT asylum seekers, who face discrimination and violence in Mexican border cities on the basis of their gender identity or sexual orientation. [510] Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 189 U.N.T.S. 19:2016, Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, accessed August 6, 2020, doi:10.17141/urvio.19.2016.2414. [36] For a Salvadoran or Honduran LGBT person who has fled the brutality of gangs and sometimes the authorities in their home country, being forcibly transferred to Guatemala, where many asylum seekers fear they will face similar forms of persecution as in their home countries, is a devastating blow. Erika Q., a 39-year-old trans woman from San Salvador, said she turned to sex work to survive after she was unable to obtain other employment: Erika Q. had dropped out of school because of bullying, which impeded her future opportunities: Other LGBT people were kicked out of classes or threatened with expulsion from school due to gender nonconformity. [466] Human Rights Watch, “Q&A: Trump Administration’s ‘Remain in Mexico’ Program,” https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/01/29/qa-trump-administrations-remain-mexico-program; Molly Hennessy-Fiske, “For Transgender Migrants Fleeing Death Threats, Asylum in the U.S. is a Crapshoot,” Los Angeles Times, October 29, 2019, https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2019-10-29/trump-administration-returns-vulnerable-lgbt-asylum-seekers-to-mexico (accessed September 11, 2020). [206] In July 2020, several legislators launched a campaign to have the ombudsperson, Jordán Rojas, dismissed because of his stances in support of LGBT rights and access to abortion. Provide persons in ICE custody with information in their own language, including orders of removal and other documents that they may be asked to sign. He opened yet another salon in a different town in Zacapa in 2018, but was plagued by text messages extorting money and threatening to kill him if he didn’t pay. Between October 2019 and March 2020, at least seven transgender women and one gay man were murdered in El Salvador. [326] Republic of Honduras, Ministerio Público, Oficio S.D.G.F. It was the first time anyone had ever been convicted for killing a transgender person in El Salvador. At time of writing, however, access to asylum at the southern border has been cut off almost entirely by a Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) order that effectively closes the border in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, which the administration seized upon as an opportunity to tighten the screws on migration. The skewed nature of our interview pool should not suggest that lesbian and bisexual women in the Northern Triangle are not victims of violence and discrimination based on their sexual orientation. A few days later, Alberto began to get scared that he was at risk for talking back to the gang members. [143] Human Rights Watch interview with Pricila P., Los Angeles, December 11, 2019.
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