The same is true of the Family… The same is true of the cultural IS Apparatus (censorship, among other things), etc. Er beschränke den Staat auf Anwendung von Ideologie oder Repression. Erstmals weltweit 1977 in deutscher Sprache abgedruckt, erschien die französische Fassung erst 1995 in dem Sammelband Sur la reproduction.[51]. For the moment I shall go no further. What unites the disparate ISA however is their ultimate control by the ruling ideology. collect into a fictional discourse what it ‘says’ not only in its two Testaments, its Theologians, Sermons, but also in its practices, its rituals, its ceremonies and its sacraments. ), - der kulturelle ISA (Literatur, die schönen Künste, der Sport usw.)“. Außerdem bildet IISA zusammen mit der Notiz sowie einem weiteren Artikel Althussers in der Neuherausgabe der gesammelten Werke lediglich den ersten Halbband eines zweiteiligen Bandes über die ISA. It is here that the role of the ruling ideology is heavily concentrated, the ideology of the ruling class, which holds State power. If he believes in Duty, he will have the corresponding attitudes, inscribed in ritual practices ‘according to the correct principles’. Halbband. Hence the civil constitution of the clergy, the confiscation of ecclesiastical wealth, and the creation of new Ideological State Apparatuses to replace the religious Ideological State Apparatus in its dominant role. It is convenient to designate this new and remarkable Subject by writing Subject with a capital S to distinguish it from ordinary subjects, with a small s. It then emerges that the interpellation of individuals as subjects presupposes the ‘existence’ of a Unique and central Other Subject, in whose Name the religious ideology interpellates all individuals as subjects. Finally, RSAs, function (in the last resort) by violence, ISAs by ideology (though not exclusively in either case). The reproduction of labour power is ensured by the wage system which pays a minimum amount to the workers so that they appear to work day after day, thereby limiting their vertical mobility. Sie würden einerseits teilweise als Rückzugsgebiete für einst herrschende Klasse dienen, die aber längst von der Macht verdrängt worden sind. Vielmehr sieht er diese als Teilstück des politisch-ideologischen Staatsapparates an. 0000012016 00000 n In terms of psychology they could be described as psychosocial, because they aim to inculcate ways of seeing and evaluating things, events and class relations. [69] eröffnet habe. In Germany it is even more striking, since it was behind a political Ideological State Apparatus in which the imperial Junkers (epitomized by Bismarck), their army and their police provided it with a shield and leading personnel, that the imperialist bourgeoisie made its shattering entry into history, before ‘traversing’ the Weimar Republic and entrusting itself to Nazism. As a first moment, it is clear that while there is one (Repressive) State Apparatus, there is a plurality of Ideological State Apparatuses. It therefore appears that the subject acts insofar as he is acted by the following system (set out in the order of its real determination): ideology existing in a material ideological apparatus, describing material practices governed by a material ritual, which practices exist in the material actions of a subject acting in all consciousness according to his belief.[3]:158–159. If RSAs (in the last instance) utilize violence, how do Ideological State Apparatuses (ISAs) exercise State power? The reproduction of the relations of production, the ultimate aim of the ruling class, cannot therefore be a merely technical operation training and distributing individuals for the different posts in the ‘technical division’ of labour. Thus Schools and Churches use suitable methods of punishment, expulsion, selection, etc., to ‘discipline’ not only their shepherds, but also their flocks. Everything seems to lead Marx to formulate a theory of ideology.

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