[49] Suicidal recklesness, berserkery, and rage were prohibited in a Spartan army, as these behaviors endangered the phalanx. synonymous with fearlessness, harsh and cruel life, endurance or simplicity by design.[4]. Population decline due to Sparta's frequent wars in the late 5th century. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Spartan ascendancy did not last long. You probably enjoyed playing tag or other games with your friends. During the Hellenistic period Spartan equipment evolved drastically. [6], Marble statue of a helmed hoplite (5th century BC), possibly Leonidas (Archaeological Museum of Sparta, Greece). Services. [48] In education, sports was given the most emphasis in teaching. [24], Both boys and girls were brought up by the city women until the age of seven, when boys (paidia) were taken from their mothers and grouped together in "packs" (agelai) and were sent to what is almost equivalent to present-day military boot camp. [18] By the end of the Peloponnesian War, the structure had evolved further, both to address the shortages in manpower and to create a more flexible system that allowed the Spartans to send smaller detachments on campaign or to garrisons outside their homeland. [22] Six morai composed the Spartan army on campaign, to which were added the Skiritai and the contingents of allied states. With Persian gold, Lysander, appointed navarch in 407 BC, was able to master a strong navy, and successfully challenge and destroy Athenian predominance in the Aegean Sea. [50] Spartans regarded those who fight, while still wishing to live, as more valorous than those who don't care if they die. They learned to read and write not for cultural reasons, but so they could be able to read military maps. Perioeci were non-citizens who lived nearby and supported the Spartan war effort in other ways, as merchants, craftsmen and other infrastructural roles. During the Persian Wars, they contributed a small navy of 20 triremes, and provided the overall fleet commander, but they largely relied on their allies, primarily the Corinthians, for naval power. During this time, Sparta (or Lacedaemon) was merely a Doric village on the banks of the river Eurotas in Laconia. You can test out of the All rights reserved. we respect your privacy and take protecting it seriously, Updated on: 24 Oct 2019 by John Staughton, What is Quantum Entanglement: Explained in Simple Words. A Spartan male's involvement with the army began in infancy when he was inspected by the Gerousia. In a total baller move, they stripped the dead and created themselves a trophy before they left. [44] The Spartans retained the traditional hoplite phalanx until the reforms of Cleomenes III, when they were re-equipped with the Macedonian sarissa and trained in the style of the phalanx. These characteristics is also derived from Spartan culture. He wrote that "it was the common perception at the time that Spartans would never lay down their weapons for any reason, be it hunger, or danger.". They became inured to hardship, being provided with scant food and clothing; this also encouraged them to steal, and if they were caught, they were punished – not for stealing, but for being caught. The Spartan hoplites that built the Spartan army had not only a strict physical work ethic, but they would have have a strict code of honour.

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