[74] Kormoran fired for effect, but it was not until the merchant ship's bridge was destroyed that her 35 crew abandoned ship. From there, they continued overland to Turkey, where they arrived in May 1915. [13], The raider was fitted with six 15-centimetre (5.9 in) SK L/45 guns as primary armament: two each within the forecastle ("1" and "2") and quarterdeck ("5" and "6"), and one each fore and aft ("3" and "4" respectively) on the centreline. Apart from the liners described and listed in this section the liner Kronprinzessin Cecilie of the Nord-deutscher Lloyd and the Imperial Mail liner Lützow were scheduled for conversion, but the first ship returned to New York, where she was interned, and the second was trapped in the Suez Canal when war broke out. She laid her first 25 mines off Cape Town on 16 January 1917, and the rest off Colombo. [160] By this point, all of the German lifeboats were accounted for, and 318(II) of Kormoran's 399 personnel (including three of the four Chinese laundry workers) had survived. One supply ship, the Markomannia, would accompany the Emden. They realized their error 15 minutes later and quickly got underway, leaving the shore party behind. Some of their feats of seamanship are just staggerring. As for the Emden, she lay stuck on the reef where she had been ditched until the 1950s, when a Japanese salvage company removed what was left of the hull. Shipping in the Indian Ocean was brought to a stop within a short time, insurance rates skyrocketed, and much needed troop convoys from Australia and New Zealand were delayed for lack of suitable escorts. Machinery: l-shaft VTE, 240 ihp = 13kts Armament: 5-15cm (5.9in) SKL/40, 4-8.8cm (3.45in) SKL/40, 2-50cm (19.7in) TT Complement: 319. Sydney, with Captain Joseph Burnett commanding, and Kormoran, under Fregattenkapitän Theodor Detmers, encountered each other approximately 106 nautical miles (196 km; 122 mi) off Dirk Hartog Island. Of all Germany’s raiders, none had a career as bold as the Emden. [43][44] 39 Chinese and four British crew were recovered by the German raider before she fled the area with British warships Norfolk and Devonshire in pursuit. As a novelty in raider warfare she was the first such German ship to have a spotting seaplane on board (a Friedrichshafen E 33); she also carried 3-52mm to arm auxiliaries. [101] After signalling the merchant ship for her name and nationality, which identified her as the 3,941-ton Greek freighter Stamatios G. Embiricus, the raider shone searchlights on her and ordered her to stop and accept a boarding party. [21] It was suggested that the raider either sail through the English Channel with support from captured French coastal batteries and the Luftwaffe, or around the Faroe Islands. In all Emden captured 23 vessels totaling 101,182 tons, which constituted an impressive record. Admiral von Spee expected his ships could readily replenish their coal supplies in the ports of South America. [146][147], The first life raft of German survivors, carrying 26 men, was recovered by the troopship Aquitania early on 23 November, but as the ship's master believed a raider was still in the area, he maintained wireless silence and did not report his discovery until three days later. No Indian coastal city had come under attack in centuries. Sydney’s Captain John Glossop knew this and turned his ship to keep the distance open. [103] Supplies and parts were transferred to Kormoran, while the raider's prisoners were moved to Kulmerland, along with documents captured from ships and five slightly ill German sailors to serve as guards. 28 at 2035 on 10 November 1942. [58][59] After the captured tanker left, it was realised recognition signals to avoid Luftwaffe attack had not been supplied, and Kormoran raced to meet the tanker when she rendezvoused with the supply ship Nordmark. [14] Kormoran carried a payload of mines, with an LS-3 fast boat carried inside[clarification needed] No. The first ship of this second wave was the Möwe, although the German Admiralty still insisted that she should lay her mines first. Survivors were picked up by the raider and eventually landed in Japanese prison camps [when the raider returned to a Japanese base via the Indian Ocean to replenish supplies], to remain until they were released when the war ended. Seeadler‘s cruise. [41] A boarding party identified the victim as the 11,900-ton refrigerator ship Afric Star, carrying meat and butter to England. [86][89] Some 48 sailors from the 3,472-ton Australian vessel Mareeba were recovered by Kormoran, and although a boarding party attempted to save the ship for use as a mine-layer, the severity of damage made this impossible. [194], Mearns was then able to plot a search area for Sydney based on Kormoran's location, as although there was no specific information on the cruiser's location, much more information was available concerning her last known position relative to the raider. The German East Asiatic Squadron was based at Tsingtao and represented the bulk of German naval strength in the Pacific. In 1933 she was sold to Germany and renamed Oldenburg, but on 7 April 1945 she was torpedoed by a British submarine off Norway, beached, and after the war in 1953 recovered and scrapped. Throughout the action the larger raider strafed the decks of the Hopkins with machine gun fire. Three of the four French torpedo boats were unable to respond quickly because their boilers were cold; however, the fourth torpedo boat, Mousquet, was actively patrolling the area. Because of a coal shortage she crossed the Pacific, joined Graf Spee’s East Asian Squadron for a short time, rounded Cape Horn and operated in the South Atlantic. [165], Most of the German survivors were taken to Fremantle and interrogated. In its entire career as a raider, Seeadler’s guns only took a single life: a young boy hit by a shell fragment aboard the merchant vessel the Horngarth. [92][94] Kormoran broke off pursuit and retreated. Emden had to close the distance to make her guns more effective and use her torpedoes. Formerly the bulk carrier Steiermark, it was rebuilt in Kiel in 1938-39, and completed in 1940 under the name of Schiff 41, and a profile resembling Viacheslev Molotov and Japanese Satiko and Kinka Maru (above). [144][145] Total German casualties were six officers, 75 German sailors, and one Chinese sailor. [125] Her main guns and torpedoes trained on the raider, but secondary weapons did not appear to be manned, personnel were standing on the upper deck, and although the cruiser's seaplane had been readied for launch, it was soon stowed away. Such procedure did not include capture but annihilation of the opposing ship, often after allowing the crew to evacuate, by means of 150 mm reformed guns and torpedo tubes. [51], Kormoran left the rendezvous on 10 February and headed south. Their armament was obsolete (old cannons salvaged from cruisers of the Hochseeflotte), but their crews were hand-picked and the best in the German Navy. He served as the ship’s torpedo officer. The ship was not commissioned at the outbreak of the war and was to have replaced the Berlin, which was now interned in Norway. [77] Prisoners from Kormoran were handed over to the other ships, and the raider received new sailors to make up numbers. In its brief career as an independent raider in the Indian Ocean, the Emden captured 23 vessels. German casualties numbered 134 sailors. The shore batteries returned fire but scored no hits. She was sunk during her breakout into the Atlantic, on 16 March 1917. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS_Leopard_(1912), Displacement: 9800t; 4652grt Dimensions: 124.7m >< 15.8m x 7.4m (409ft 1in x 42ft x 24ft 3in) [23][24], Having cleared the British blockade, Kormoran's instructions were to search the Atlantic Ocean for targets of opportunity, then move to the Indian Ocean and seek out Allied merchant shipping, with additional orders to lay mines around one or more Allied ports in India or Australia. Returned to Germany, was used as training ship Fenchenheim. Germany, 15 ships (1914-18) The surface raiders. Your email address will not be published. Von Muller did not waste this advantage and quickly began striking at the merchantmen in the region. Trials showed that she could make only 16.9kts and was therefore an inferior opponent to the fast British turbine-powered AMCs. She was quickly armed and received some mines and was used as a disguised minelayer. This time it put a second torpedo into the enemy cruiser, which detonated its magazines. While materially the $25 million in cargo did not change the results of the war, it certainly was a hinderance. Naval Academy, The Catastrophic Fire On Board USS Forrestal, The Sullivan Brothers and the Assignment of Family Members, The African American Experience in the U.S. Navy, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. Navy, Contributions of American Indians to the U.S. Navy, Naval Service of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Personnel, The World Cruise of the Great White Fleet, Navy Underwater Archaeology Return Program, Research Permits for Sunken & Terrestrial Military Craft, Scanning, Copyright & Citation Information, Obtain Duplications of Records and Photos, Naval Armed Guard Service in World War II, Naming of Streets, Facilities and Areas On Naval Installations, Narrative of Captain W.S.
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